Knowledge and Practices of Radiation Protection among Dental Students in Aden, Yemen

Abstract

Background: Dental radiography is indispensable for diagnosis, but unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation should be minimized according to ALARA/ALADA principles.

Objective: This study aimed to assess knowledge and practices related to radiation protection among fourth- and fifth‑year dental students in Aden, Yemen.

Methods: Analytic cross‑sectional survey of fourth- and fifth‑year students from public and private dental schools in Aden. A total of 400 students were invited, 270 responded, and 21 incomplete questionnaires were excluded, leaving 249 valid responses (response rate 62.25%). A web‑based questionnaire with 15 multiple‑choice items covered knowledge and practice domains. Sampling was convenience‑based due to logistical constraints. Chi‑square tests compared responses by year (α = 0.05).

Results: Overall, 79.9% agreed that dental X‑rays are harmful. Significant differences (Level 4 vs Level 5) were observed for awareness of collimators/filters (32.3% vs 51.3%; p = 0.012), preference not to hold films by hand (58.6% vs 85.3%; p < 0.001), recognition that high‑speed film reduces dose (40.4% vs 70.7%; p < 0.001), and knowledge of operator safety distance (44.4% vs 80.7%; p < 0.001). Lead apron use was reported as preferred by 65.1%, but non‑availability was the most cited barrier. Most participants (86.3%) intended to adhere to radiation‑protection protocols in future practice.

Conclusion: Important gaps persist in specific protection concepts (e.g., rectangular collimation, film holding, and distance rule). Targeted curriculum reinforcement and reliable access to protective resources are needed to translate knowledge into consistent practice.