Roles, Operations and Challenges of Security in Malete, Moro Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria, 2009–2025.

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of crime and the security landscape in Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria, from 2009 to 2025. Positioned as a growing university town following the establishment of Kwara State University, Malete has witnessed a rise in various criminal activities, including theft, cultism, cybercrime, rape, and kidnapping. The paper analyzes the historical trajectory of crime in the town, revealing a shift from petty, opportunistic offenses to organized and violent crimes driven by urbanization, youth involvement, and inadequate infrastructure. It details the geographical hotspots of criminal activity, such as Westend, Safari, Market Side, and Agric Road. Emphasis is placed on the multi-layered response by security actors, including the university’s Safety Unit, Nigerian Police, Civil Defence Corps, EFCC, NDLEA, and community vigilantes. Their roles, operations, and cooperation are critically assessed in terms of strengths, lapses, and community impact. Despite interventions, the study highlights numerous challenges facing security enforcement, such as underfunding, manpower shortages, lack of surveillance infrastructure, poorly secured student hostels, weak landlord accountability, and student mistrust of law enforcement. The paper concludes with practical recommendations, including the need for coordinated surveillance, technology deployment, curfews, community cooperation, and air-ground patrol strategies, particularly with the support of the Nigerian Air Force. Ultimately, the work calls for a holistic, community-driven, and well-resourced security approach to restore peace and protect both residents and students in Malete.