المجلة اليمنية للعلوم الطبية هي مجلة علمية محكمة تصدر شهرياً عن كلية الطب والعلوم الصحية – جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا، عدن - اليمن. يتم نشر جميع المقالات المقبولة على الانترنت فور قبولها وتطبع ورقيا نهاية كل عام. ترحب المجلة بالمقالات العلمية في المجالات الطبية، طب الأسنان، العلوم الصيدلانية، الصحة العامة وغيرها من التخصصات الطبية الحيوية شريطة ان تكون مكتوبة باللغة الانجليزية. تعتبر المجلة الأصالة وجودة وأهمية المحتوى العلمي أساسا لقبول النشر في المجلة. Online ISSN: 2227-961X Print ISSN: 2227-9601
تلتزم المجلة اليمنية للعلوم الطبية رخصة مؤسسة المشاع الإبداعي من فئة (CC BY)، والتي تتيح إعادة استخدام البحث بأي شكل من الأشكال شريطة الاستشهاد بالمؤلف (المؤلفين) والمجلة. وتعتبر المجلة أن المؤلف (المؤلفون) موافق على هذه السياسة بمجرد تقديم البحث للنشر.
Risk Factors, Presentation, Diagnosis and Management of Guillain Barré Syndrome in Sana'a City, Yemen: A Ten Years Retrospective Study
Background: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare neurological disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system and presents with an ascending flaccid paralysis. With undetermined etiology, it seems that GBS had an immune process following either a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection. Objective: This study aimed to determine the total number, clinical features, and associated risk factors of Guillain-Barré syndrome among patients at the University of Science and Technology Hospital. Methods: A retrospective medical record-based study was conducted at the University of Science and Technology Hospital for ten years (2014-2023) in Sana’a city. Data were collected using a predesigned data sheet containing sociodemographic, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic, and therapeutic tools. Data was analyzed by SPSS v. 24.0. Results: Two hundred fifty-six files recorded as Guillain-Barré Syndrome were analyzed; the mean age was 38.65 ± 19.8 years. Age ranged between 2 and 85 years. There was a male predominance (69.9%), with the most prevalent presentation being bilateral ascending paralysis (47.7%). The majority of patients received physiotherapy alone (43.0%), while IVIG was used in 40.6% of cases. Conclusion: GBS is a peripheral neuropathy disease with the common presentation of ascending flaccid paralysis, but uncommon presentations are not rare, which recommends a high clinical suspicion, especially for the wide range of ages and the occurrence in an area of poliomyelitis infection spread.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome, Paralysis, Areflexia, University of Science and Technology Hospital.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2026 المجلة اليمنية للعلوم الطبية http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Posterior Mucosal Flap Management on Surgical Outcomes in Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Prospective Analysis
Background: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is a highly effective procedure, increasingly becoming a standard for relieving epiphora and infections, with techniques evolving to improve success rates. Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) for the management of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction, comparing procedures that preserved posterior mucosal flaps with those that did not. Methods: Prospectively, we examined the outcomes of 50 surgical procedures performed on 46 patients presenting with epiphora due to nasolacrimal duct obstruction at the Al-Nhada Special Surgical Center. The patients were assigned to one of two groups: group A received endonasal DCR with preservation of the posterior mucosal flap, and group B underwent the procedure with its removal. Results: Among 50 procedures, Group A comprised 29 (58%) and Group B 21 (42%), including four bilateral cases. Overall subjective improvement was reported in 93.1% of patients. In group A, 94.1% showed patent rhinostomy on endoscopic follow-up at one month, with one obstruction; group B had two obstructions. Granulation tissue and synechia occurred in two patients in group A (one obstruction) and six in group B (two obstructions). No intraoperative complications were observed. Conclusion: : Endoscopic techniques are a safe and effective treatment for nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction. Our findings indicate no significant difference in surgical outcomes between endoscopic endonasal DCR performed with preservation of the mucosal flaps and without. Furthermore, the size of the created intranasal ostium did not correlate with its functional success.
Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy; Mucosal Flap; Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction; Surgical Outcomes; Ostium.
Khaled Abdul Hameed Abdul Aziz Mohi Addeen
تقييم ممارسات علاج جذور الأسنان بين أطباء الأسنان العامين في عدن، اليمن
المقدمة: يضمن الحفاظ على معايير الجودة نجاح علاج جذور الأسنان. الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم الممارسات الحالية لعلاج جذور الأسنان بين أطباء الأسنان العامين في عدن، اليمن، مع التركيز على وعيهم، ومواقفهم، وإجراءاتهم السريرية. المنهجية: استُخدمت نماذج جوجل لإنشاء استبيان إلكتروني باللغة الإنجليزية. احتوى الاستبيان على 30 سؤالًا من نوع الاختيار من متعدد. النتائج: شملت الدراسة 385 طبيب أسنان عام، وبلغت نسبة الاستجابة 67.54% (ن=260). أشارت النتائج إلى غلبة الطبيبات (59.2%)، مع امتلاك أغلبية منهن خبرة تتراوح بين سنتين وخمس سنوات (61.5%). أجرى معظم المستجيبين (85.4%) علاج قناة الجذر لجميع الأسنان، حيث استخدم 59.2% منهم أسلوب الجلسة الواحدة وأسلوب الجلسات المتعددة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن 13.8% فقط من المشاركين استخدموا العزل المطاطي، مما يُشير إلى فجوة كبيرة في الالتزام بالممارسات الموصى بها. ووجدت الدراسة أن 72.3% من الممارسين حددوا طول قناة الجذر باستخدام كلٍ من الأشعة السينية وأجهزة تحديد قمة الجذر، وأن 64.6% استخدموا مزيجًا من الأدوات اليدوية والدوارة لتنظيف وتشكيل القناة. وأفاد حوالي 60% من المشاركين بعدم متابعة حالات علاج جذور الأسنان. وكشف التحليل الإحصائي عن وجود ارتباطات دالة إحصائيًا بين سنوات الخبرة ومختلف ممارسات علاج جذور الأسنان، بما في ذلك طرق اختبار حيوية اللب، ومحاليل الري، وتقنيات الحشو المستخدمة. الخلاصة: خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى أن العديد من أطباء الأسنان العامين يلتزمون بمبادئ معايير الجودة ولديهم موقف إيجابي تجاه إجراءات علاج جذور الأسنان. وتُشير هذه النتائج إلى الحاجة إلى تعزيز التعليم والتدريب لتحسين جودة رعاية علاج جذور الأسنان التي يقدمها أطباء الأسنان العامون في عدن.
Attitude; Endodontic; Knowledge; Procedures; Questionnaire; Techniques.
The Prevalence of Self-Medication Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Engineering and Computing Students at University of Sciences and Technology in Aden
Background: Self-medication is a public health concern, especially among university students facing academic pressure. This practice carries risks, including misdiagnosis and antibiotic resistance. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of self-medication among engineering students at the University of Sciences and Technology-Aden, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 277 engineering students, categorized by academic year and department. Results: This study of 277 engineering students found that self-medication is a highly common practice, with 39.7% of students using it more than twice in the last month. The primary reason was "no time to visit doctors" (46.9%). Students most often self-medicated for headaches (34.7%) and fever (17.0%), sourcing medicines primarily from pharmacies (64.3%). A significant knowledge gap was evident, as 33.6% did not know how to define self-medication. Despite 71.8% recognizing that self-medication can be harmful, its practice remains widespread. Crucially, students showed a strong desire for education, with 81.9% believing workshops would be beneficial and 88.8% willing to attend, preferring to get information via social media and from health professionals. Conclusion: Self-medication is highly prevalent among students despite limited knowledge and mixed attitudes. It is mainly driven by time constraints and easy access to pharmacies. The strong interest in educational workshops highlights the need for targeted interventions to reduce associated health risks.
Self-medication, Pharmacies, Health Education, Cross-Sectional Study, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP).
Assessment of Dental Students' Awareness and Knowledge of Oral Biopsy Procedures: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Dental students' awareness about oral biopsies is found to be low. Oral biopsies are a significant tool for diagnosis. Objective: This cross-sectional study aims to assess the knowledge of dental students in Yemen. Methods: An e-questionnaire was sent to 187 dental students and professionals from six universities in Yemen. The universities included UST Aden, Aden University, etc. The data were analyzed with SPSS v.26 software. The knowledge of the dental students was assessed based on six domains. Results: The mean overall knowledge was found to be 55.1% ± 21.2%. Significant gaps in knowledge were observed in choosing optimal biopsy size (39.0%), biopsy techniques (42.2%), and the role of the oral pathologist (45.5%). On the other hand, students showed high levels of knowledge in the complications that may occur during a biopsy procedure (71.9%). Only 13.4% of the participants showed high levels of competence in the overall knowledge test by scoring ≥80%. Interestingly, clinical experience ≥6 years was not found to be a contributing factor for high levels of knowledge compared to less experienced students (52.2% vs. 55.6%, p = 0.405). Conclusion: This study showed that although students have a high level of knowledge about the indications for a biopsy procedure and the complications that may occur during the procedure, there are significant gaps in knowledge about the technical and interdisciplinary aspects of a biopsy procedure. Moreover, the fact that clinical experience does not improve levels of knowledge shows that the current curriculum does not suffice for high levels of expertise.
Oral biopsy, dental education, clinical skills, pathology awareness, Yemen
Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among Medical Students at the University of Science and Technology in Taiz City, Yemen
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health threat, particularly in developing countries due to lack of healthcare controls and misuse of antibiotics. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a classic example of this problem. MRSA infections can be hospital-acquired (HA-MRSA) or community-acquired (CA-MRSA). Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MRSA carriage among medical students at the University of Science and Technology, Taiz branch. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 197 medical students to determine Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) nasal carriage. Nasal swab specimens were collected to screen for the prevalence of S. aureus and its antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: Of the 197 students screened, the overall prevalence of S. aureus carriage was 22.8% (n=45). MRSA prevalence was identified in 3.6% (n=7/197) of students, representing 15.55% (n=7/45) of all results are isolates, while the remaining 84.4% (n=38/45) were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Conclusion: The results of this study reveal a relative prevalence rate of MRSA carriage among medical students, which represent a potential reservoir for MRSA carriage. This presents a serious public health concern, requiring an immediate response by health authorities to establish preventive measure strategies to mitigate such source of MRSA risk in the community and prevent the potential for further transmission.
MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Prevalence, Nasal carriage, Antimicrobial resistance, Yemen.
المعرفة والاتجاهات والتصورات حول الذكاء الاصطناعي لدى طلاب طب الأسنان والمتدربين اليمنيين: دراسة مقطعية متعددة المؤسسات
الخلفية: يشهد مجال طب الأسنان دخولاً سريعاً للذكاء الاصطناعي في التعليم والممارسة، إلا أن مدى الاستعداد له في البيئات ذات الموارد المحدودة لا يزال غير واضح. المنهجية: أجرينا دراسة وصفية مقطعية (من يناير إلى مارس 2023) شملت طلاب طب الأسنان في السنة السريرية والمتدربين في ثلاث مؤسسات يمنية (جامعة صنعاء، جامعة عدن، جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا). استخدمنا استبياناً مُعتمَداً لتقييم البيانات الديموغرافية، ومعرفة الذكاء الاصطناعي (بنود مُقَيَّمة)، والتصورات/المواقف (مقاييس ليكرت)، واحتياجات التدريب. استُخدمت الإحصاءات الوصفية، واختبارات مربع كاي، ونماذج متعددة المتغيرات مُخطَّطة؛ وتم تحديد مستوى الدلالة الإحصائية عند p<0.05. النتائج: من بين 761 مشاركاً (بمتوسط ​​عمر 24.8 ± 4.2 سنة)، كان معظمهم من سكان المدن وفي فترة التدريب أو في السنة الخامسة. أظهر تصور الذكاء الاصطناعي ارتباطات دالة إحصائياً مع الجنس، ونوع الجامعة، والاهتمام بوسائل التواصل الاجتماعي (p<0.05). تفاوتت المعرفة الإجمالية باختلاف الموقع (متغير "البلد/المدينة")، حيث كانت المعرفة أعلى لدى المشاركين من صنعاء وخارج اليمن (قيمة الاحتمال = 0.012). لم تكن العوامل الديموغرافية الأخرى ذات دلالة إحصائية. الخلاصة: يُبدي المتدربون اليمنيون في طب الأسنان تصورات إيجابية عن الذكاء الاصطناعي، لكن المعرفة تختلف باختلاف الموقع، مما يشير إلى تفاوت في التعرض والوصول. هناك حاجة إلى محتوى منهجي مُستهدف وبرامج تعليم مستمر لسد الفجوات ودعم تبني الذكاء الاصطناعي بشكل آمن وأخلاقي. الخلاصة: قد تُحسّن الوحدات المنهجية حول أساسيات الذكاء الاصطناعي، والأخلاقيات، ومعرفة البيانات، وحالات الاستخدام العملي للتصوير/التشخيص، من جاهزية المتدربين لممارسة طب الأسنان باستخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي في البيئات ذات الموارد المحدودة.
الذكاء الاصطناعي؛ تعليم طب الأسنان؛ الطلاب؛ التصورات؛ المعرفة؛ اليمن؛ المناهج الدراسية
Prevalence and Characteristics of Malocclusion among Dental Students at the University of Sciences and Technology in Yemen: A Cross Sectional Study
Background: Malocclusion, the misalignment of teeth and improper relation between dental arches, is a prevalent ailment that can result in a number of oral health problems. Few studies have looked at malocclusion patterns among dentistry students, who may have particular oral health traits, whereas most research focuses on general populations. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of malocclusion, such as symmetry, face profile, angle classification, and arch crowding, in a sample population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 220 subjects, classified according to age, gender, and the severity of malocclusion. The results were analyzed by SPSS: descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was found to be highest in Class I (65.5%), followed by Class II (10.5%) and Class III (8.6%). The most frequent dental anomaly was crowding (38.6%), and significant associations were observed between malocclusion types and arch crowding (p=0.002). The gender and age distribution did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Class I malocclusion and crowding were found to be the most predominant among participants, thus underlining the importance of early orthodontic treatment. The findings of this study may serve as a reference for developing policies within dental academic institutions and provide a foundation for future research in orthodontic epidemiology.
Malocclusion, Angle classification, Crowding, Orthodontics, Prevalence.
Association between Mandibular Third Molar Impaction Patterns and Pathologies of the Adjacent Second Molar among a Sample of Yemeni Adults: A Radiographic Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Impacted mandibular third molars are prevalent and can result in a number of pathologic conditions of adjoining mandibular second molars, such as distal caries, periodontal bone loss, and root resorption. It is important to know the pattern of impaction and risks involved in its early diagnosis and prophylaxis. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the connection between the impaction of the mandibular third molars and the pathological alteration of second molars in the Yemeni adults. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional radiographic study of 250 panoramic radiographs from private dental clinics and image centers in Taiz, Ibb, and Sana in Yemen. Angulation (Winter classification), depth (Pell and Gregory), and related pathologies of the second molars of the impacted mandibular third molars were examined in 320 cases. Analysis of data was done through descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Results: Of the 761 participants (mean age 24.8±4.2 years), most lived in cities and were either fifth-year students or interns. A substantial correlation (p < 0.05) was found between the participants' feelings towards artificial intelligence (AI), their degree of university education, and their interaction with online social networks. Levels of AI expertise varied among regions. Scores were significantly higher for participants residing in Sana'a and outside of Yemen compared to those from other locations (p=0.012). None of the other demographic variables significantly altered these outcomes. Conclusion: Mesioangular and deeper impactions are strongly correlated with increased risk of second molar caries, alveolar bone loss, and root resorption. These complications can be minimized through early radiographic assessment and early intervention.
impacted third molar, second molar pathology, mesioangular impaction, distal caries, panoramic radiograph, Yemen.
Awareness and Knowledge of Salivary Gland Disorders among Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: As a primary healthcare provider, the dentist is essential for the early identification and management of salivary gland problems. However, due to the disease's complexity and the salivary gland tumor's rarity, the dentist may have challenges with detecting the disease. Objective: To evaluate Yemeni dentists' knowledge of salivary gland diseases (SGDs) in six domains: risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, postoperative care, and common situations. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was undertaken among 162 dentists from eight Yemeni universities between January and April 2024. Participants completed a validated electronic questionnaire assessing their salivary gland dysfunction (SGD) knowledge. Correct and wrong replies were examined using descriptive statistics. Furthermore, SPSS was used to analyze data. Results: There were significant knowledge gaps found. Only 32.1% identified SGD risk factors, 12.3% knew diagnostic techniques, and 45.1% appropriately described mumps. Treatment knowledge was stronger (53.9-64.8% accurate). Early-career dentists (<5 years’ experience) demonstrated lower results. Conclusion: The current study showed that there is a knowledge gap in diagnosing SGD. However, dentists showed a good understanding of the treatment and post-treatment aspects, which highlights a need for education, particularly for early-career dentists.
Salivary gland disorders, dental education, knowledge assessment, Yemen, cross-sectional study.
Systemic Inflammatory and Genotoxic Effects of Shisha Smoking:A Case Control Study in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Background: Shisha smoking is linked to oxidative stress and vascular inflammation, which are vital factors in the pathophysiology and advancement of respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, as well as cancer. Objective: This study evaluated and compared systemic inflammatory biomarkers and DNA damage markers between shisha, cigarette, dual, and second-hand shisha smokers and non-smokers. Methods: A case-control study approach was employed involving 150 individuals aged between 16 and 35 years. Participants were divided into five categories: shisha smokers (n=30), cigarette smokers (n=30), dual (both) smokers (n=30), secondhand shisha smokers (n=30), and nonsmokers (n=30). Venous blood samples were obtained and assessed for systemic inflammatory and DNA damage biomarkers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), with the significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Compared with the non-smokers, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), 8-nitroguanine (8-NO₂-Gua), and malondialdehyde were higher (p<0.05) in shisha smokers, cigarette smokers, and both smokers and secondhand smokers. Serum IL-6, CRP, 8NO₂-Gua, 4-HNE, and MDA levels were slightly higher in shisha smokers than cigarette smokers. Both smokers exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of IL-6, CRP, 8NO₂-Gua, and MDA than exclusive shisha or cigarette smokers. Conclusion: The study found that shisha and cigarette smokers had higher levels of indicators of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. It also confirmed that smoking cigarettes and shisha concurrently is more harmful than smoking either shisha or cigarettes alone.
DNA damage Marker, Systemic inflammation, shisha smoking
Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and In Vitro Anti-lithiatic Effects of Ocimum basilicum Leaves Extracts
Background: Ocimum basilicum L., commonly referred to as "Reyhan”. It has various pharmacological effects, such as anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Objective: In the present study, various phytochemical constituents, antioxidant potential, antibacterial activity, and in vitro anti-urolithiasis properties of Ocimum basilicum leaves were investigated. Methods: Powdered basil leaves were extracted using water, ethanol, methanol, and chloroform by the maceration method. The well-diffusion assay was employed for testing antibacterial activity. Antioxidant capacity was assessed qualitatively by the TLC autography method using two mobile phases and quantitatively by the DPPH radical-scavenging assay using ascorbic acid as a standard. The turbidity method was utilized to assess the anti-urolithiasis efficacy of cystone in vitro. Results: Phytochemical analysis indicated the existence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, amino acids, lipids, fixed oils, and carbohydrates; however, anthraquinones were absent. All extracts demonstrated antibacterial action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. An aqueous extract showed the widest diameter of inhibition zones, with S. aureus being 18.71 mm, P. aeruginosa 21.65 mm, and E. coli 20.65 mm. However, it showed very negligible action against K. pneumoniae. The qualitative antioxidant test indicated that all the extracts possessed antioxidant properties. Among these, the methanolic extract possessed the maximum quantitative antioxidant activity; vitamin C was used as a positive control. The in vitro anti-urolithiasis assay showed that the chloroform extract exhibited 61.86% inhibition of crystal formation. Conclusion: Leaves of Ocimum basilicum exhibited marked antioxidant and antibacterial potentials. The plant also exhibited significant anti-urolithiasis property, which justifies its traditional use in herbal medicine.
Treating Bruxism-Related Muscle Spasm and Malocclusion: An Intervention Study Using Local Anesthetic without Vasoconstrictor
الملخص الخلفية: يُعد فرط نشاط عضلات المضغ وسوء الإطباق الحاد الناتج عن صرير الأسنان من الحالات السريرية المعقدة التي غالبًا ما يتم تشخيصها بشكل خاطئ كاضطرابات إطباقية. ولا تزال الفعالية العلاجية للحقن الموضعي بالمخدر بدون قابض للأوعية في مثل هذه الحالات موضع جدل. الهدف: تقييم التأثير السريري لحقن الليدوكائين بتركيز 2% بدون قابض للأوعية في حالات فرط نشاط عضلات المضغ وسوء الإطباق الحاد المرتبط بالصرير السني، مع تحديد تأثير وجود الترميمات السنية على استجابة العلاج. المنهجية: أُجريت دراسة سريرية تدخّلية على عينة مكوّنة من 20 مريضًا تتراوح أعمارهم بين 29 و40 عامًا، تم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين: المجموعة (A) تضم مرضى لديهم ترميمات سنية، والمجموعة (B) بدون ترميمات. تم حقن جميع المشاركين في أعمق نقطة من أكثر مناطق عضلة الماضغة ألمًا باستخدام ليدوكائين 2% بدون قابض للأوعية. تم تقييم شدة الألم (باستخدام مقياس VAS)، وحساسية العضلات، واستقرار الإطباق في أربع مراحل: قبل العلاج، بعد 30 دقيقة، بعد 24 ساعة، وبعد 2–3 أشهر. استخدمت اختبارات مربع كاي (Chi-square) وFisher لتحليل البيانات. النتائج: أظهرت المجموعة (B) تحسنًا كاملاً ومستمرًا بنسبة 100%، بينما لم تُظهر المجموعة (A) أي استجابة للعلاج. وكان الفرق بين المجموعتين ذا دلالة إحصائية عالية جدًا (χ² = 16.20، p < 0.001؛ قيمة Cramer’s V = 0.90). الاستنتاج: يُعد الحقن الموضعي بالليدوكائين بدون قابض للأوعية طريقة فعّالة لتقليل فرط نشاط العضلات واستعادة التوازن الإطباقي في حالات سوء الإطباق الحاد الناتج عن صرير الأسنان، في حال غياب التداخلات الإطباقية. وتُعد هذه التقنية بسيطة، آمنة، وغير مكلفة، ويمكن أن تُستخدم كخيار مساعد في علاج الاضطرابات الإطباقية ذات المنشأ العضلي
الكلمات المفتاحية: صرير الأسنان، متلازمة الألم العضلي الوجهي، سوء الإطباق الحاد، ليدوكائين بدون قابض للأوعية، التداخلات الإطباقية
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Medical Science Students at Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Psychological distress is a major challenge among university students, particularly those in medical sciences, due to high academic and emotional demands. Depression, anxiety, and stress are increasingly recognized as serious concerns affecting students’ well-being and academic performance. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical science students at Aljanad University for Science and Technology in Taiz, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 students from the departments of nursing, pharmacy, medical laboratories, nutrition, and dentistry. Data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic, academic, and psychosocial variables. Results: The findings revealed a very high prevalence of psychological distress. All participants reported symptoms of depression and anxiety, while 98.7% experienced stress. Extremely severe anxiety was the most common condition (84.6%), followed by extremely severe depression (40%) and stress (37.6%). Higher levels of distress were significantly associated with younger age, early academic years, insomnia, lack of emotional family support, and difficulties in communication with faculty members. Dental and pharmacy students showed the highest severity levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent among medical science students at Aljanad University for Science and Technology, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions and supportive academic environments.
White Blood Cells Parameters among Malnourished Children Under-Five Years, Aden-Yemen
Background: Malnutrition is still a critical public health problem among children under five, with implications for immune function and hematological parameters. Objective: This study aimed to identify abnormal WBC parameters among malnourished children under five in Aden, Yemen, and to determine the socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors associated with abnormal WBC parameters among those children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 malnourished children under 5 years. The blood specimens were collected from all children, and an automated hematological analyzer was used to measure the WBC parameters. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: Among 101 malnourished children, the majority were 52% females, and according to WBC parameters, leukocytosis, neutropenia, and lymphocytosis were observed at rates of 34.7%, 69.3%, and 82.2%, respectively. Elevated WBC counts were significantly associated with age group (p = 0.005), and high lymphocyte counts were linked to residence (p = 0.017), while no significant associations were found between WBC abnormalities and acute malnutrition or between low WBCs and socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors. Conclusion: acute malnutrition remains a significant health challenge among children under five years of age, with notable sex disparities, as females were more affected. The leukocytosis, neutropenia, and lymphocytosis were noted among malnourished children. The associations were significant between leukocytosis and age groups and between lymphocytosis and residence of children. In contrast, lacking the significant differences between abnormal WBCs parameters and acute malnutrition, and between low WBCs parameters and socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors.
Yemen, hematological parameters, malnutrition, children under five years old.
Burnout, Safety, and Job Satisfaction among Surgeons in Conflict-Affected Taiz, Yemen
Background: Surgeons work under substantial occupational stress. In conflict settings, this burden is amplified by resource shortages, long working hours, financial strain, and threats to personal safety. Data on burnout in such environments, particularly in Yemen, are scarce. Objective: To assess the prevalence of burnout and its association with workplace safety and job satisfaction among surgeons in Taiz, Yemen, during ongoing conflict. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 28 May 2025 among surgeons in public, private, and NGO hospitals in Taiz. A 35-item questionnaire included demographics, the MBI-HSS, and measures of job satisfaction and perceived safety. Burnout was evaluated using standard subscale scores. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Results: Eighty surgeons participated, 55% male and 53.8% aged 31 to 40 years. Most were government hospital trainees, and 43.8% had less than five years of experience. High emotional exhaustion (EE) was present in 67.5%, high depersonalization (DP) in 15%, and low personal accomplishment (PA) in 36.3%. Overall, 70% met burnout criteria in at least one domain. PA correlated positively with job satisfaction and perceived safety, and safety correlated with job satisfaction, all p < 0.001. EE was higher among females, p = 0.032. PA increased with age, p = 0.034. No significant differences were observed by specialty, hospital type, marital status, or rank. Conclusion: Burnout is highly prevalent among surgeons in Taiz and is closely linked to safety concerns and job satisfaction. Interventions addressing workplace safety and professional fulfillment are urgently needed in conflict-affected surgical settings.
Burnout, workplace safety, job satisfaction, surgeons, conflict zone, Yemen/Taiz, healthcare workers.
Pharmaceutical Quality Evaluation of Commercial Baclofen Tablets in the Yemeni Market: An In Vitro Study
Background: For good health and improved trust in the pharmaceutical products, quality control tests must be conducted continuously for both local and imported products to ensure safety and effectiveness. Objective: To evaluate the in vitro characterization of different imported and local pharmaceutical products of the muscle relaxant (baclofen 10 mg) available in Taiz City. Methods: According to the USP standards, different quality control tests were conducted to physicochemically characterize various baclofen 10 mg tablets (one local and two imported brands) available in the Yemeni market. Results: The results of the three brands of baclofen 10 mg tablets showed that product (C) disintegrated more slowly (6.39 minutes) than products (B) and (A) (0.35 and 3.00 minutes, respectively). Every brand has a satisfactory level of friability below 1% loss. The maximum assay content (98.39%) and drug release (105%) were displayed by local product (A). Although product (B) test content was lower (88.98%), its drug release was still satisfactory (96%). By contrast with product (B) (5.35 kg) and product (A) (5.38 kg), C product's hardness (2.26 kg) was below USP standards (4-6 kg), and its drug release was 85%; however, the assay content was significantly satisfactory (96.98%). Conclusion: The outcomes of this study show a high dissolution rate and quick disintegration time, with assay content falling inside the acceptable range. While the imported products decomposed slowly, within the drug content limit, and had a lower hardness value than USP criteria, the local product had the best results in different characterizations. All results confirm the necessity of continuous monitoring for pharmaceutical products.
Baclofen, Quality Control, Pharmacopeial Standards, Yemen, Generic Drugs
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Self-Medication among Medical Students at UST, Aden, Yemen
Background: Self-medication is known as using drugs to treat self-diagnosed diseases without consulting a physician. Self-medication is a widespread practice worldwide. Objective: This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to self-medication among medical students at the University of Science and Technology (UST), Aden, Yemen. Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample of 265 among medical students at UST. Results: The results revealed that 86.04% of participants practiced self-medication, primarily using analgesics (61.1%), and 85.29% of participants identified self-medication as using medication without a doctor's consultation, 10.56% said it is associated with incorrect dosing or herbal remedies, and 40.0% believed self-medication should be encouraged among medical students. Conclusion: The findings indicate prevalent misconceptions about the risks associated with self-medication, emphasizing the need for enhanced educational programs to promote responsible healthcare practices.
العوامل المساهمة في تفشي وباء الكوليرا في مدينة تعز، اليمن
<a href="https://journals.ust.edu/index.php/yjms/الخلفية: لا تزال الكوليرا تمثل تهديدًا خطيرًا للصحة العامة في اليمن، وتُعد مدينة تعز من أكثر المناطق تضررًا بسبب الصراع المسلح المستمر، وتدهور البنية التحتية، وضعف الوصول إلى المياه المأمونة وخدمات الصرف الصحي. الهدف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد وتقييم العوامل المساهمة بتفشي وباء الكوليرا في مدينة تعز – اليمن، وذلك من أجل المساهمة في توجيه التدخلات الصحية العامة ووضع استراتيجيات فعّالة للوقاية. المنهجية: استخدم تصميم دراسة مقطعية استكشافية خلال الفترة من 24 نوفمبر 2024م إلى 24 يناير 2025م، في المستشفى الجمهوري التعليمي العام ومركز 22 مايو بمدينة تعز. تم اختيار عينة مكونة من 100 مريض مصاب بالكوليرا تم تأكيد إصابتهم، باستخدام أسلوب العينة القَصْدِيّة. النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن غالبية المشاركين من الإناث (59%)، وكانت الفئة العمرية الأكثر تمثيلاً أكبر من 40 عامًا (27%)، و81% منهم يقيمون في المناطق الحضرية. نصف المشاركين (50%) أفادوا بانخفاض الدخل الشهري، و33% كانوا أميين. من أهم عوامل الخطر التي تم تحديدها: عدم استخدام وسائل تنقية المياه (78%)، وسوء البنية التحتية للصرف الصحي (70%)، ونقص المياه الصالحة للشرب (65%)، والإقامة في مناطق متأثرة بالنزاع (91%). وُجدت علاقات ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الإصابة بالكوليرا وزيارة المناطق الموبوءة (p = 0.007)، وتناول الأطعمة المُعدة خارج المنزل (p = 0.049)، وسوء الحالة التغذوية المرتبط بانخفاض الدخل (p < 0.001)، وغياب المرافق الصحية في المناطق الريفية (p < 0.001). كما تبين أن برامج التوعية ترتبط ارتباطًا إيجابيًا بتحسن المعرفة بطرق انتقال العدوى (p = 0.027).. الاستنتاج: يُعزى تفشي وباء الكوليرا في مدينة تعز إلى تفاعل معقد بين ضعف البنية التحتية للمياه والصرف الصحي، وانخفاض مستوى الوعي الصحي، والفقر، وتأثير الصراع المستمر على الخدمات العامة. التوصيات: ينبغي أن تركز التدخلات الصحية المستهدفة على تعزيز بنية المياه والصرف الصحي والنظافة (WASH)، وتوسيع برامج التثقيف الصحي المجتمعي، وضمان سهولة الوصول إلى المرافق الصحية في الوقت المناسب، وتدريب العاملين الصحيين على الكشف المبكر والاستجابة السريعة، إضافةً إلى تنفيذ دراسات واسعة النطاق في مختلف مناطق اليمن للحد من تكرار تفشي الأوبئة وتأثيرها المستقبلي.">الخلفية: لا تزال الكوليرا تمثل تهديدًا خطيرًا للصحة العامة في اليمن، وتُعد مدينة تعز من أكثر المناطق تضررًا بسبب الصراع المسلح المستمر، وتدهور البنية التحتية، وضعف الوصول إلى المياه المأمونة وخدمات الصرف الصحي. الهدف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد وتقييم العوامل المساهمة بتفشي وباء الكوليرا في مدينة تعز – اليمن، وذلك من أجل المساهمة في توجيه التدخلات الصحية العامة ووضع استراتيجيات فعّالة للوقاية. المنهجية: استخدم تصميم دراسة مقطعية استكشافية خلال الفترة من 24 نوفمبر 2024م إلى 24 يناير 2025م، في المستشفى الجمهوري التعليمي العام ومركز 22 مايو بمدينة تعز. تم اختيار عينة مكونة من 100 مريض مصاب بالكوليرا تم تأكيد إصابتهم، باستخدام أسلوب العينة القَصْدِيّة. النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن غالبية المشاركين من الإناث (59%)، وكانت الفئة العمرية الأكثر تمثيلاً أكبر من 40 عامًا (27%)، و81% منهم يقيمون في المناطق الحضرية. نصف المشاركين (50%) أفادوا بانخفاض الدخل الشهري، و33% كانوا أميين. من أهم عوامل الخطر التي تم تحديدها: عدم استخدام وسائل تنقية المياه (78%)، وسوء البنية التحتية للصرف الصحي (70%)، ونقص المياه الصالحة للشرب (65%)، والإقامة في مناطق متأثرة بالنزاع (91%). وُجدت علاقات ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الإصابة بالكوليرا وزيارة المناطق الموبوءة (p = 0.007)، وتناول الأطعمة المُعدة خارج المنزل (p = 0.049)، وسوء الحالة التغذوية المرتبط بانخفاض الدخل (p < 0.001)، وغياب المرافق الصحية في المناطق الريفية (p < 0.001). كما تبين أن برامج التوعية ترتبط ارتباطًا إيجابيًا بتحسن المعرفة بطرق انتقال العدوى (p = 0.027).. الاستنتاج: يُعزى تفشي وباء الكوليرا في مدينة تعز إلى تفاعل معقد بين ضعف البنية التحتية للمياه والصرف الصحي، وانخفاض مستوى الوعي الصحي، والفقر، وتأثير الصراع المستمر على الخدمات العامة. التوصيات: ينبغي أن تركز التدخلات الصحية المستهدفة على تعزيز بنية المياه والصرف الصحي والنظافة (WASH)، وتوسيع برامج التثقيف الصحي المجتمعي، وضمان سهولة الوصول إلى المرافق الصحية في الوقت المناسب، وتدريب العاملين الصحيين على الكشف المبكر والاستجابة السريعة، إضافةً إلى تنفيذ دراسات واسعة النطاق في مختلف مناطق اليمن للحد من تكرار تفشي الأوبئة وتأثيرها المستقبلي.
الكوليرا، مدينة تعز، اليمن، عوامل الخطورة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 المجلة اليمنية للعلوم الطبية http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Dispensing of Refill Medications at the Fourth-Floor Outpatient Pharmacy, Hamad Hospital, Qatar: A Retrospective Observational Study
Background: Refilling prescriptions at outpatient pharmacies is an important part of managing chronic illnesses since it has a big effect on patient safety, following prescription regimens, and the efficiency of the healthcare system. Because there are so many patients and the prescriptions are so complicated. Objective: The study aims to evaluate three primary factors influencing the dispensing of refill medications: inaccuracies in prescription entry by physicians and chemists, the effects of altered appointment dates, and inconsistencies between sanctioned refill quantities and appointment schedules. Methods: Retrospective observational research encompassing 13,500 adult patients with active refill authorizations was executed from January to March 2025. The information came from the outpatient pharmacy on the fourth floor of Qatar's Hamad Hospital. Descriptive and inferential statistics, like t-tests and chi-square tests, were used to look into error rates and how they connect to demographic and prescription-related factors. Results: According to our investigation, the most common mistake was mismatched appointments and refill amounts (37.8%), followed by changes to appointment dates (25.9%) and inaccuracies in physician input (17.3%). Pharmacists made 12.3% of the mistakes, and doctors and pharmacists together made 6.7% of the mistakes. General medicine had the most mistakes (67.3% for mismatches and 63.8% for appointment changes), while pulmonary departments had the most chemistry mistakes (60.0%). Conclusion: Most of the time, mistakes in giving medications happen because of changes in the schedule, checking prescriptions, and conflicts in the schedule.
Medication refill, dispensing errors, appointment scheduling, prescription accuracy, outpatient pharmacy
The Extent of Diabetic Patients’ Adherence to Quarterly HbA1c Testing: A Cross-Sectional Study, Aden, Yemen
Background: Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, estimated to account for 85-90% of diabetes cases. Objective: This study investigates the awareness of diabetic patients in Aden, Yemen about periodic HbA1c testing. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 diabetic patients. Data were collected using questionnaires covering demographic information, diabetes information, HbAlc testing, barriers to HbA1c testing, importance of HbA1c testing, information sources. Adherence and improvement, as well as awareness and support. The analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: Most participants were married women between the ages of 45 and 60, many of whom were housewives; most had type 2 diabetes, but 46.7% were not sure what type of diabetes they had; 85.8% knew about HbA1c testing, but only 35.8% followed the recommended three month testing schedule; obstacles included lack of symptoms, high costs, and busy schedules, Health education was a major factor; approximately 93.3% supported increased awareness with the majority preferring text message reminders. Conclusion: This study's cross-sectional design and structured questionnaire effectively collected important information on diabetic patients’ knowledge about HbA1c testing in Aden. The method worked well for spotting behavioral patterns and awareness gaps that would help improve diabetes care adherence and support focused public health Initiatives.
Diabetes-HbA1c.Monitoring-Patient compliance-Cross-sectional study-Aden-Yemen.
A Comparative Study between Legally Imported and Smuggled Brands of Bisoprolol and Esomeprazole Tablets Marketed in Aden, Yemen
Background: While drugs are legally introduced into the Yemeni pharmaceutical market through local agents under supervision of the Ministry of Public Health and Population (MOPHP), the past year has seen a notable increase in the distribution of smuggled drugs. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the quality control parameters of both legally imported and smuggled products of bisoprolol (5 mg) and esomeprazole (40 mg) tablets, which are marketed in public pharmacies in Aden, Yemen. Methods: A hundred tablets from each studied brand were purchased from a community pharmacy, and the quality of the studied brands was assessed through evaluation of weight variation, friability, thickness, diameter, hardness, disintegration, and assay tests, as well as identification of drugs by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrophotometer. Results: The result of this study showed that both legally imported and smuggled tested tablets of bisoprolol conform with quality control standards except the weight variation test of smuggled bisoprolol failed to agree with pharmacopoeias specifications. Furthermore, the legally imported esomeprazole meets the quality control specifications for the tested parameters except the hardness and disintegration tests, while the smuggled esomeprazole complies with all tests but failed to an agreement with specifications for hardness, disintegration, and assay tests, where the result shows a value of 137%. Conclusion: These results highlight the variability in quality across different sourcing pathways and underscore the importance of stringent regulatory oversight and routine quality assessment to ensure the safety, efficacy, and consistency of marketed pharmaceutical products.
Legally imported drugs, smuggled drugs, bisoprolol, esomeprazole, quality control tests
Assessment of Dietary Supplement Use, Awareness, and Energy Expenditure among Gym-goers in Aden Governorate, Yemen
Background: Dietary supplements (DS) containing vitamins, proteins, and minerals are widely used by gym-goers to enhance health, recovery, and performance. However, awareness of their safe use, nutritional adequacy, and energy balance varies considerably. Objective: To assess dietary supplement use, awareness, and energy balance among gym-goers in Aden Governorate, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 gym-goers selected from five gyms using stratified multi-stage sampling. Data on supplement consumption, calorie intake, expenditure, and awareness were collected and analyzed. Results: Of the 270 participants, 64.8% reported using nutritional supplements. Protein powder (26.7%) and creatine (33.7%) were the most commonly consumed, followed by vitamin D (20%), zinc (18.9%), and multivitamins (18.5%). Calcium (8.9%) and biotin (4.4%) were less frequently used, while fat burners, herbal products, and ginseng were reported by fewer than 3%. Most respondents were aware of potential adverse effects (67%) and supplement misuse risks (66.6%); 67.8% sought medical advice, and 51.1% were able to interpret product labels. Reported benefits included muscle building (55.6%), increased energy (33.7%), and weight loss (29.3%). Dietary analysis showed inadequate intake, with all gym-goers consuming <6 g/kg of carbohydrates, 78.9% consuming <20% of calories from fat, and 95.9% consuming ≤1.6 g/kg of protein. Supplement use was significantly associated with education, occupation, income, and awareness (p = 0.001), and protein powder use correlated with higher TDEE (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Supplement use is common among gym-goers but is accompanied by nutritional imbalances and limited awareness of risks. Educational programs are recommended to promote balanced diets and informed, evidence-based supplement use.
Dietary supplements, gym-goers, energy, awareness, metabolic equivalent.
The Influence of Age and Gender on Hematological and Hemostatic Parameters among Healthy University Students in Aden, Yemen
Background: Hematological parameters are vital indicators of health, influenced by demographic factors. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between age and gender with hematological and hemostatic parameters in a cohort of Yemeni university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 apparently healthy students. Data on age and gender were collected via questionnaire. Venous blood was drawn for Complete Blood Count (CBC), Prothrombin Time (PT), and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) analysis using automated analyzers. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: Significant gender-based disparities were observed. Females exhibited a markedly higher prevalence of abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) levels (58.1%, p=0.0001) compared to males (3.5%). Abnormalities in red blood cell indices (RBCs, MCHC) and platelet (PLT) count were also more common in females, though not always statistically significant. Regarding age, the 18-21 years group showed the highest prevalence of abnormalities suggestive of nutritional deficiencies, specifically in Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) (75.9%) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) (82.8%). On the other hand, we found that a prolonged APTT was most common in the small group of participants aged 26-29 years (88.9%, n = 9). Conclusion: Gender significantly influences hematological status, with females showing a higher susceptibility to anemia. Age also affects certain hematological indicators, as mild coagulation changes may emerge in the late twenties, while younger individuals are more prone to nutritional deficiencies. Regular screening and targeted nutritional interventions are recommended for these at-risk populations.
Hematological Parameters, Hemostasis, Age, Gender, University Students, Yemen, Anemia, Coagulation.
Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Preventing Dry Socket: A Prospective Comparative Study in Taiz City, Yemen
الخلفية: يُعدّ التهاب العظم السنخي الجاف (Dry socket) من أكثر المضاعفات شيوعًا بعد خلع الأسنان، ويتصف بألم شديد وتأخر في الشفاء. وقد أوصي باستخدام غسول الكلورهيكسيدين كإجراء وقائي. الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم فعالية غسول الكلورهيكسيدين بتركيز 0.12% في الوقاية من التهاب العظم السنخي الجاف، وتحديد عوامل الخطر المحتملة بين المرضى الخاضعين لخلع الأسنان في مدينة تعز، اليمن. المنهجية: أُجريت دراسة مقارنة مستقبلية في جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا، فرع تعز، خلال الفترة من أكتوبر 2023م حتى مايو 2025م. شملت الدراسة 80 مريضًا خضعوا لخلع أسنان بسيط، وجرى توزيعهم إلى مجموعتين: مجموعة الكلورهيكسيدين (40 مريضًا) والمجموعة الضابطة (40 مريضًا). جُمعت بيانات عن العمر، الجنس، التدخين، مضغ القات، ومستوى نظافة الفم. تم تقييم حدوث التهاب العظم السنخي الجاف بعد 3 و7 أيام من الخلع. استُخدم اختبار كاي تربيع والانحدار اللوجستي للتحليل الإحصائي. النتائج: كانت نسبة حدوث التهاب العظم السنخي الجاف أقل في مجموعة الكلورهيكسيدين (5.0%) مقارنةً بالمجموعة الضابطة (12.5%)، لكن الفرق لم يكن ذا دلالة إحصائية (p>0.05). بينما وُجد ارتباط ذو دلالة إحصائية بين ضعف نظافة الفم، والتدخين، ومضغ القات مع زيادة خطر حدوث الحالة (p<0.05). الاستنتاج: أظهر غسول الكلورهيكسيدين تأثيرًا وقائيًا ضد التهاب العظم السنخي الجاف، لكن النتائج لم تكن ذات دلالة إحصائية. وقد تبين أن العوامل المرتبطة بالمريض مثل التدخين، مضغ القات، وضعف نظافة الفم كان لها أثر أكبر. يمكن اعتبار الكلورهيكسيدين إضافة منخفضة التكلفة في الرعاية بعد الخلع في اليمن.
Dry socket, alveolar osteitis, chlorhexidine, tooth extraction, Yemen
Antibacterial Resistance Patterns of Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates in Taiz City, Yemen
Background: Antibacterial resistance is a major threat to health, leading to reducing the efficacy of antibacterial agents against infections caused by bacteria. The most causative of bacterial UTIs, especially in Yemen, is E. coli bacteria. Objective: The current study aimed at evaluating the percentage rate and potential causes of isolated urine E. coli resistance to some conventional antibacterial drugs in Taiz city, determining which is the most effective, and comparing the results with other studies. Methods: Thirty urine-isolated E. coli from laboratories in Taiz City, Yemen, were collected, and susceptibility tests to determine the E. coli resistance against some conventional antibacterial drugs were performed. After incubation for 24 hours, the diameter of the inhibitory zones was measured, and the results were recorded. Finally, the average and percentage rates were calculated. Results: The result was as follows: Highest susceptibility to nitrofurantoin (90% S), with no resistance (0% R). Complete resistance to cefotaxime (100% R), contrasting sharply with ceftriaxone (26.7% R). Alarming levofloxacin resistance (56.7% R). Intermediate sensitivity to co-amoxiclav (56.7% I), suggesting dose-dependent efficacy. High resistance (56.7% R) with low sensitivity (33.3% S) to co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: In Taiz City, the current study demonstrates E. coli resists the conventionally used antibiotics that were previously considered the most effective antibiotics used for its UTIs, particularly cefotaxime (100% R) and co-trimoxazole (56.7% R). Nitrofurantoin remains highly effective, while ceftriaxone and levofloxacin have variable susceptibility.
urine isolated, E. coli, resistant, antibacterial, UTIs, conventional, Taiz, Yemen
Knowledge and Perception of Occlusion among Dentists in Aden, Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Occlusion is vital in dental diagnosis and treatment, yet little is known about dentists’ knowledge and practices in resource-limited settings such as Aden, Yemen. Objective: To assess the knowledge and perception of occlusion among dentists in Aden and identify gaps related to training, tools, and clinical practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2025 involving 188 licensed dentists selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire assessing knowledge (15 MCQs), clinical practices, and perceived barriers. Analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression (p < 0.05). Results: Only 41.5% accurately defined the centric relation. Dentists with postgraduate training were 3.2× more likely to understand functional occlusion (p < 0.001) and had 22% higher knowledge scores (t(186) = 4.1, *p* < 0.001). A hierarchical regression model confirmed that receiving training (β = 0.38, *p* < 0.001) and having tools available (β = 0.29, *p* = 0.002) were significant predictors of higher self-reported confidence in occlusal management, explaining 37% of the variance (Adjusted R² = 0.37, F (5,179) = 18.6, *p* < 0.001). . Public-sector dentists reported significant resource limitations, including a lack of articulators (68% vs. 29% in private clinics). Only 9.8% use digital tools. Conclusion: Knowledge and practice gaps were associated with limited training and resources. Dentists with postgraduate training were 3.2× more knowledgeable, and public-sector clinicians faced major resource shortages. Curricular improvement and wider access to digital tools are recommended.
Occlusion, Dental Education, Clinical Practice, Digital Tools, Yemen
تأثير محتوى وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي على ممارسات تبييض الأسنان بين البالغين في مدينة تعز، اليمن
الملخص الخلفية: أصبح تبييض الأسنان أكثر شيوعًا بين البالغين في اليمن، ويعود جزء من ذلك إلى تسويق منتجات وإجراءات التجميل عبر وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي. ومع ذلك، لم تجرَ أي دراسة سابقة حول هذا الموضوع في اليمن. الأهداف: تقييم تأثير محتوى وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي على سلوكيات تبييض الأسنان، ومستوى الوعي بالمخاطر، وأنماط استخدام المنصات المختلفة بين البالغين في مدينة تعز، اليمن. المنهجية: أجريت دراسة مقطعية شملت 398 مشاركًا من البالغين (≥18 سنة) في مدينة تعز. جُمعت البيانات باستخدام استبيان مُهيكل تضمّن المعلومات الديموغرافية، واستخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، والوعي بتبييض الأسنان، والممارسات المتبعة، والتصورات حول المخاطر. جرى تحليل البيانات باستخدام الإحصاءات الوصفية، واختبار كاي تربيع، ونسبة الأرجحية (OR) عبر برنامج SPSS. النتائج: أفاد أكثر من ثلثي المشاركين (73.4%) باستخدامهم لواحدة على الأقل من تقنيات التبييض، وكان معجون الأسنان المبيّض والطرق المنزلية الأكثر شيوعًا. ذكر أكثر من نصف المشاركين (57.8%) أن قرارهم بتجربة التبييض تأثر مباشرة بمحتوى وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي. كما أن الوعي بالمخاطر المحتملة (75.9%) لم يمنع من ممارسة التبييض. وُجدت علاقة معنوية بين تأثير وسائل التواصل وسلوكيات التبييض (p<0.001)، في حين أن الاستخدام المكثف (أكثر من 4 ساعات يوميًا) ارتبط بانخفاض احتمالية التبييض مقارنة بالاستخدام المتوسط (p=0.0002). لم تُظهر الفروق بين الجنسين دلالة إحصائية، بينما كان طلاب البكالوريوس أكثر ممارسة للتبييض مقارنةً بمجموعات التعليم الأخرى (p<0.001). الاستنتاج: يتأثر سلوك تبييض الأسنان بين البالغين في مدينة تعز بشكل واضح بوسائل التواصل الاجتماعي. وعلى الرغم من إدراك المخاطر، لا يزال الكثيرون ينخرطون في ممارسات قد تكون ضارة. تؤكد هذه النتائج الحاجة الملحّة لأن تقدم السلطات الصحية وأطباء الأسنان معلومات دقيقة قائمة على الأدلة عبر منصات التواصل الاجتماعي
كلمات المفتاحية : تبيض الأسنان، وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، طب الأسنان التجميلي، اليمن
In-Vitro Quality Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Five Diclofenac Sodium Tablet Brands Marketed in Hodeida, Yemen
Background: In developing countries like Yemen, political instability and economic sanctions have led to compromised pharmaceutical quality control. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the quality control tests of five brands of enteric-coated 50 mg diclofenac sodium (DS) tablet formulations on the Yemeni market. Methods: Physical parameters such as diameter, thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration time, dissolution profile, and assay were evaluated. Validated UV spectroscopic and RP-HPLC methods assessed accuracy, linearity, and precision and were used to determine the drug content. Each brand was tested according to pharmacopeial standards for solid oral dosage forms. All tested brands (coded DS1–DS5) conformed to pharmacopeial specifications. Results: Weight variation ranged from 1.01±0.29% to 2.01±0.14%, with hardness between 58.9 ± 2.21 N and 146.1±0.7 N. Potency results from UV and HPLC methods were statistically similar with the paired test. The potency values ranged from 92.68% to 100.51%. Friability assessments showed less than 1% mass loss in all samples, adhering to USP limits. Disintegration times averaged ≤ 20 minutes across brands. In vitro drug release after 2 hours in 0.1 N HCl was minimal drug release (2.55±0.24% to 4.47±0.31%), indicating limited dissolution in gastric conditions, while in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), all formulations released over 90% of the drug within 60 minutes, indicating efficient release of the drug in the more alkaline environment of the intestine. Conclusion: The evaluated diclofenac sodium tablets marketed in Yemen met pharmacopeial standards and possessed the quality parameters necessary for effective therapeutic use.
Diclofenac Sodium, Enteric-coated tablets, Pharmaceutical quality control, Dissolution profile, RP-HPLC and UV spectrophotometry, Yemen.
Prevalence and Severity of Depression among Women in Aden, Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Depression is more common among women than men. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of depression among adult women in Aden, Yemen, and to determine the associated sociodemographic factors contributing to increasing the prevalence of depression among those women. Methods: A total of 240 women were enrolled in this analytical cross-sectional study. The PHQ-9 structured questionnaire was used for evaluation of the depression and its severity, and data were analyzed using the SPSS. Results: the response rate was 69.97% (240/343). The majority of women were 75.8% single, 80.8% postgraduate educated, and 78.8% had medium socioeconomic status. The prevalence of depression among women was 83.3%. The highest significant depression rates were 92.5% and 90.7% in the age group 25-28 years and the age group >28 years, respectively (p=0.023), and 100% among divorced women (p=0.0001). According to the severity of depression, 33.8% of women had mild depression, 16.3% had moderate depression, and 33.3% had severe depression. The highest significant prevalence for severe depression was 89.8% among women in the age group >28 years, 100% among divorced women, 70.6% among postgraduate-educated women, and 45.3% among those women who had a medium income (p=.0001). Conclusions: The prevalence of depression among women in Yemen was the highest compared to global rates. The depression among women is associated with age and marital status. The severity of depression is strongly associated with different sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, including age, marital status, education, and income. Severe depression is significantly associated with the age group 25–28 years, divorced women, postgraduate-educated women, and medium-income women.