Cyber Threat Perception in Fragile Banking Environments: A Literature-Based Analysis of the Central Bank of Yemen

Abstract

This paper presents an empirical synthesis of existing literature on cyber threat perception within fragile-state banking environments, with a focused lens on the Central Bank of Yemen. Through a structured review of 20 scholarly studies—spanning local, regional, and international contexts—the research identifies cognitive, organizational, and contextual factors that influence how banking institutions perceive and respond to cyber threats. The findings reveal critical gaps in cybersecurity awareness, governance structures, and technological infrastructure in Yemen’s financial sector, exacerbated by weak regulatory frameworks and prolonged political instability. This synthesis highlights the urgent need for adaptive, context-sensitive cybersecurity strategies tailored to fragile financial systems. Key recommendations include developing continuous cybersecurity awareness programs, strengthening institutional governance, enhancing leadership engagement, and promoting partnerships with cybersecurity organizations to improve institutional resilience.