Geophysical Investigation of Damped Patches on Foundational Wall: A Case Study of Jalala, Tanke-Oke-Odo, Ilorin, Nigeria

Abstract

The issue of dampness in buildings in Jalala Oke-Odo, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, poses significant concerns due to its potential to compromise both the health of occupants and the structural integrity of affected buildings. To investigate the underlying causes of this widespread problem, non-destructive geophysical methods—particularly the Electrical Resistivity Method—were employed to assess soil and subsurface conditions. This approach enabled the identification of anomalies in soil composition and the detection of subsurface water sources contributing to dampness. A key objective of the study was to produce detailed subsurface maps around building foundations, providing engineers and contractors with critical data for designing targeted interventions to mitigate damp-related issues and prevent long-term structural damage. The study underscores the serious risks associated with prolonged dampness, including the progressive weakening of foundation walls and the potential for building collapse, posing a grave threat to resident safety. Resistivity measurements revealed variations in the water retention capacity of subsurface lithology. Geoelectric cross-sections showed area with low resistivity at various depths, indicating the existence of impermeable or semi- permeable weathered rock materials, which are major contributors to persistent damp patches. Hence, this geophysical investigation offers important insights into the geological factors influencing dampness in Jalala Oke-Odo. The research serves as bases for effective remediation policies to enhance the resilience of structures and protect life. It also highlights the need for proper understanding of subsurface conditions to tackle dampness issues in developing regions.